One of the problems that often occur with the study of sociology in high school sociopsicopedagogico is that, unfortunately, the program is "out of step" with respect to that of a student of history and the third is is often in trouble when he hears talk of the great transformations of the eighteenth century. The temptation is to not complicate life too much to ignore, and then one of the central questions of sociology, namely: because there is this science? and what's the point? Many of you will be asked if you (and maybe you will be given the typical student response: because we are the study). But I think it is very important to answer this question and leave no room for doubt demotivating. Study the company in a rigorous, scientific, is to see what others can not see, not unlike the study of neutrinos, the quarks and bosons. remember, we talked about it a bit 'in the classroom, in the first lesson, with reference to Adam Smith and the revolutionary concept of "civil society" - though not exactly introduced by Adam Smith but by Adam Ferguson, a Another major Scottish Enlightenment of the mid-eighteenth century, author of the famous Essay on the history of civil society (1767).
La questione, comunque, è presente in molti studi introduttivi alla sociologia. Uno dei più importanti sociologi italiani, Franco Ferrarotti, la formula così:
La sociologia è... scienza in senso pieno. Ma perché questa scienza sorge e si afferma storicamente in concomitanza con la società industriale, vale a dire verso la metà del XVIII secolo? .
La risposta è che una scienza non è altro che un'impresa umana che cerca di dare una risposta precisa, rigorosa, a determinati bisogni umani. Si tratta allora di comprendere a quali bisogni umani rispondeva la "scienza della società", la sociologia .
Quello che should be clear is that modern society was founded by political revolutions (American and French) at the end of '700 and a massive restructuring of mode of production (Marx docet), the industrial revolution, is a company that can no longer rely on tradition as a criterion of understanding of what it does. It 'a bourgeois society, economy, based on action and on the individual, that needs to be understood in a radically different way from how you included the company based on a pre-industrial mode of production and backed by (Louis XIV: "I am the State") and tradition.
Enlightenment first and then push the company positivism on the road to rationalization in the sense that believes that only science can provide answers to legitimate human needs (Comte docet). And then, as there is a natural science (physics, chemistry, biology ...) explaining the laws of natural phenomena, there must be a science of society which explains the laws of phenomena related to human life in society ( Durkheim: social facts ). A traditional society, based eg. on religious beliefs, refuse a "science of society" because these companies can not be rationally investigate, and then put in question the beliefs religious attitudes and moral issues (the right, good, etc...)
There is also another thing to consider, especially with very clear that Tocqueville: sociology is born when you are movements, groups, associations, institutions and organizations that can not be traced to the political sphere, the sphere state. Think of the industry (see Saint-Simon), trade unions, the movement of workers, students, women, journalists and the public at large: they can not be attributed to the state . Civil society are , ie they are self than what we call state.
is then that we understand because it comes sociology: all these movements, groups, institutions, etc.. is an autonomous object of investigation and, as writes Ferrarotti, a science is born when an autonomous object of investigation, when it sees clearly that there is an autonomous sphere of society than to the state. In a feudal society, writes Ferrarotti,
where there is only next to the noble peasant, for his psychology, for the monotone function, individual, unrelated to its action, it is neither organized nor organized in a class, there is no civil society, this comes when the classes are born in the modern sense, ie classes of citizens, organized, self-conscious, because each individual feels daily the feelings and interests that bind him to others and the need for joint action to achieve common goals. With the rise of social class in the modern sense arises therefore civil society and with it the breakdown of traditional forms of religious or naturalistic study of man and society and the new settings such research on a strictly empirical. Hence, the sociology and acting as a first problem arises that the awareness of the new classes had as more pressing: the problem of inequality of man.
The songs I mentioned are from What is society? Franco Ferrarotti (Carocci 2003).
La sociologia è... scienza in senso pieno. Ma perché questa scienza sorge e si afferma storicamente in concomitanza con la società industriale, vale a dire verso la metà del XVIII secolo? .
La risposta è che una scienza non è altro che un'impresa umana che cerca di dare una risposta precisa, rigorosa, a determinati bisogni umani. Si tratta allora di comprendere a quali bisogni umani rispondeva la "scienza della società", la sociologia .
Quello che should be clear is that modern society was founded by political revolutions (American and French) at the end of '700 and a massive restructuring of mode of production (Marx docet), the industrial revolution, is a company that can no longer rely on tradition as a criterion of understanding of what it does. It 'a bourgeois society, economy, based on action and on the individual, that needs to be understood in a radically different way from how you included the company based on a pre-industrial mode of production and backed by (Louis XIV: "I am the State") and tradition.
Enlightenment first and then push the company positivism on the road to rationalization in the sense that believes that only science can provide answers to legitimate human needs (Comte docet). And then, as there is a natural science (physics, chemistry, biology ...) explaining the laws of natural phenomena, there must be a science of society which explains the laws of phenomena related to human life in society ( Durkheim: social facts ). A traditional society, based eg. on religious beliefs, refuse a "science of society" because these companies can not be rationally investigate, and then put in question the beliefs religious attitudes and moral issues (the right, good, etc...)
There is also another thing to consider, especially with very clear that Tocqueville: sociology is born when you are movements, groups, associations, institutions and organizations that can not be traced to the political sphere, the sphere state. Think of the industry (see Saint-Simon), trade unions, the movement of workers, students, women, journalists and the public at large: they can not be attributed to the state . Civil society are , ie they are self than what we call state.
is then that we understand because it comes sociology: all these movements, groups, institutions, etc.. is an autonomous object of investigation and, as writes Ferrarotti, a science is born when an autonomous object of investigation, when it sees clearly that there is an autonomous sphere of society than to the state. In a feudal society, writes Ferrarotti,
where there is only next to the noble peasant, for his psychology, for the monotone function, individual, unrelated to its action, it is neither organized nor organized in a class, there is no civil society, this comes when the classes are born in the modern sense, ie classes of citizens, organized, self-conscious, because each individual feels daily the feelings and interests that bind him to others and the need for joint action to achieve common goals. With the rise of social class in the modern sense arises therefore civil society and with it the breakdown of traditional forms of religious or naturalistic study of man and society and the new settings such research on a strictly empirical. Hence, the sociology and acting as a first problem arises that the awareness of the new classes had as more pressing: the problem of inequality of man.
The songs I mentioned are from What is society? Franco Ferrarotti (Carocci 2003).
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